中国自然利率的测算——基于SVAR方法

本文首先利用SVAR模型估计我国的自然利率水平,并在此基础上计算实际利率缺口,然后对实际利率缺口与通货膨胀率的关系进行研究。研究发现:我国实际利率长期低于自然利率;实际利率缺口与通货膨胀率负相关,实际利率缺口变大,通货膨胀率变小,反之则相反。分析表明,实际利率缺口作为宏观经济的重要指标能够反映通货膨胀的变化,利率政策制定部门应把实际利率缺口纳入到政策工具中。     

战略导向、组织学习对产品创新的影响研究

本文对战略导向影响产品创新的路径进行了研究,发现不同战略导向对学习活动有不同的选择倾向,而不同类型的学习活动也会对产品创新产生不同的影响。本研究不仅弥补了应用性学习与探索性学习研究的不足,也有助于企业引导和利用组织学习来提高产品创新水平,为管理实践提供理论参考。     

多产品竞争中企业产品线最优区域的选择

多产品厂商产品线延伸收缩的决策,不仅仅与自身的竞争实力有关,还与产品的市场特性有关。低端市场上的产品处于生命周期末期,厂商的市场空间不断缩小,市场竞争异常激烈。而新兴市场上的产品从成长期向成熟期过渡,技术不断成熟,消费群体稳步增长。拥有技术优势的厂商必然会收缩低端产品线,放弃低端市场,然后延伸高端产品线,进入新兴市场,从而提升自身的利润水平;由于低端市场上厂商的退出,市场竞争烈度的下降,低端市场在位企业的利润水平也会因此有所改善。     

法人独立、公司价值分离与大股东隧道挖掘

法律赋予公司法人以独立地位,独立于投资者即股东和债权人,法人财产与投资者财产相分离,从而公司法人的价值也应该独立于股东和债权人价值。但传统公司价值的MM模型、FCF模型、NPV模型、EVA模型都只考虑股东和债权人的价值。本文基于法人独立的视角所提出的公司价值修正模型能满足公司法人与投资者的财产分离原则,反映留存收益的持续投资和持续获利所导致的公司增长,区分公司法人折现率和股东折现率,并体现股东和公司法人之间的利益冲突,大股东的隧道挖掘行为可通过该修正模型加以解释。     

不同类型绩效考核对员工考核反应的差异性影响——考核目的视角下的研究

本文旨在探讨不同类型绩效考核对员工考核反应(Appraisal Reaction)造成的差异性影响。根据考核的两种基本目的(发展型和评估型),将绩效考核划分为交易型、承诺型、合作型和放任型四种类型。通过对武汉市308名企业员工的调查发现,在不同类型的绩效考核下,员工对考核的直接反应和间接反应都有显著性差异。整体而言,在合作型绩效考核下,员工的考核公平感会表现得更高,任务绩效也会更好;在放任型绩效考核下,员工的考核满意度最低。进一步的协方差分析和多变量方差分析也基本证实了该结果。     

我国制造型企业市场导向和创新导向对新产品绩效影响的实证研究

本研究基于我国227家制造型企业的问卷调查数据,实证考察了市场导向和创新导向对新产品开发绩效的影响,以及创新导向和环境变动在市场导向和新产品绩效关系中的调节作用。结果显示:(1)本研究的概念模型整体拟合度优于西方常用模型;(2)市场导向和创新导向对制造型企业新产品开发绩效的影响显著为正,且均高于以前文献研究的一般水平;(3)创新导向和技术变化对于市场导向和新产品绩效的关系起到正向调节作用;(4)市场变化和竞争强度的调节作用不显著。研究结果对于制造型企业改善产品创新绩效具有重要的启示意义。     

Linking Electronic Medical Records Use to Physicians’ Performance: A Contextual Analysis

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) studies have broadly tested EMR use and outcomes, producing mixed and inconclusive results. This study carefully considers the healthcare delivery context and examines relevant mediating variables. We consider key characteristics of: (i) interdependence in healthcare delivery processes, (ii) physician autonomy, and (iii) the trend of hospital employment of physicians, and draw on theoretical perspectives in coordination, shared values, and agency to explain how the use of EMR can improve physicians’ performance. In order to examine the effects of physician employment on work practices in the hospital, we collected 583 data points from 302 hospitals in 47 states in the USA to test two models: one for employed and another for nonemployed physicians. Results show that information sharing and shared values among healthcare delivery professionals fully mediate the relationship between EMR use and physicians’ performance. Next, physician employment determines which mediating variable constitutes the pathway from EMR use to physicians’ performance. Finally, we highlight the impact of shared values between the hospital and physicians in enhancing information sharing and physicians’ performance, extending studies of these behaviors among network partners in industrial settings. Overall, our study shows that EMR use should be complemented by processual (information sharing), social (shared values), and structural (physician employment) mechanisms to yield positive effects on physicians’ performance.     

Dual‐Donor Organ Exchange

Owing to the worldwide shortage of deceased‐donor organs for transplantation, living donations have become a significant source of transplant organs. However, not all willing donors can donate to their intended recipients because of medical incompatibilities. These incompatibilities can be overcome by an exchange of donors between patients. For kidneys, such exchanges have become widespread in the last decade with the introduction of optimization and market design techniques to kidney exchange. A small but growing number of liver exchanges have also been conducted. Over the last two decades, a number of transplantation procedures emerged where organs from two living donors are transplanted to a single patient. Prominent examples include dual‐graft liver transplantation, lobar lung transplantation, and simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation. Exchange, however, has been neither practiced nor introduced in this context. We introduce dual‐donor organ exchange as a novel transplantation modality, and through simulations show that living‐donor transplants can be significantly increased through such exchanges. We also provide a simple theoretical model for dual‐donor organ exchange and introduce optimal exchange mechanisms under various logistical constraints.     

Top management departures in cross-border acquisitions: Governance issues in an international context

This study examined top management team departures in U.S. manufacturing firms acquired by a foreign multinational during the six-year period following acquisition. Results indicated that greater cultural distance between the United States and the home country of the foreign multinational, higher levels of international integration in the target industry, and poor preacquisition performance in the U.S. target company were related to greater postacquisition top management departures. These effects were moderated significantly by the foreign acquirer’s international business and U.S. acquisition experience and showed different patterns over the short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term. Implications for future research on top management teams involved in cross-border acquisitions are discussed.